How is a security interest in fixtures perfected, and what special steps may be required?

• A. Perfected by a UCC-1 filing alone.
• B. Perfected by fixture filing alone, in real property records.
• C. Perfected by both a UCC-1 filing and a fixture filing in real property records; the description must reference the real property to which the fixtures attach.
• D. Perfection is not required for fixtures.

Answer: (C)